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Et Tu, Brute?: The Assassination of Benito Mussolini

By Chris Oakley
Part 11 (continued from Part 10)

From the afternoon edition of the November 8th, 1936 Indianapolis Star:

WARSAW DEVASTATED IN BIGGEST GERMAN AIR RAID TO DATE

1000 Planes Said To Take Part In Bombing; Hitler Demands Polish Government’s Immediate Surrender

From the November 9th, 1936 Daily Mail:

POLISH GOVERNMENT REJECTS HITLER’S DEMANDS

New Wehrmacht Ground Assault Launched To Coincide With Anniversary Of Beer Hall Putsch

From a telegram dispatch sent by the AP bureau in Stockholm on November 12th, 1936:

FLASH--Spanish War Ministry Confirms Falangist Troops Attacking Bilbao

FLASH--German Troops Have Entered Warsaw

From the morning edition of the November 13th, 1936 Washington Post:

HEAVY FIGHTING IN CENTER OF BILBAO

POLISH ARMY LAUNCHES COUNTERATTACK NEAR WARSAW

From a CBS Radio news broadcast the next night:

The German army is claiming tonight that they have control of most of Warsaw and have repulsed a Polish counteroffensive meant to retake the city...

From the November 16th, 1936 Manchester Guardian:

SPANISH GOVERNMENT SOURCES ASSERT FALANGISTS IN RETREAT FROM BILBAO

From the 2008 Australian Broadcasting Corporation documentary Pasaramos!
The Spanish Civil War:

Despite the Madrid government’s optimistic declarations that the Falangists were being pushed back from Bilbao, the facts on the ground told a much different story. Far from being driven into retreat, the rebel forces were actually holding the line in many sectors of the city; some of the better-equipped Falangist units had even managed to gain a bit of ground in the area surrounding the Bilbao mayor’s office....

From the morning edition of the November 20th, 1936 Houston Chronicle:

MORTAR EXPLOSIONS HEARD NEAR LAST REMAINING SPANISH GOVERNMENT
STRONGHOLD IN BILBAO

Red Cross Alleges Civilians Being Targeted By Falangists

From Pasarmos!:

Of all the atrocities perpetrated against civilians during the Spanish Civil War, few were more hideous or calculated than the use of mortars by the Falangists against civilians at Bilbao. Despite vehement denials from Franco and his fellow insurgent generals that they were intentionally aiming mortar rounds at civilian neighborhoods, documents on file with Spain’s national library in Madrid confirm such attacks were not only a standard military tactic for the Falangists, there were also judged by the Falangist high command to be an effective if crude tool for spreading terror among the insurgents’ political enemies....

From the afternoon edition of the November 22nd, 1936 Boston Globe:

RADIO COMMUNICATIONS LOST WITH GOVERNMENT TROOPS IN BILBAO, SAYS
SPANISH WAR MINISTRY

From a BBC Radio news broadcast thirty-six hours later:

The British High Commissioner’s office in Madrid is reporting at this hour that Falangist forces are in complete control of Bilbao....

From the morning edition of the November 25th, 1936 New York Times:

SPANISH GOVERNMENT FORCES LAUNCHING OFFENSIVE TO RETAKE BILBAO; FALANGISTS VOW HEAVY RESISTANCE

From Pasaramos!:

The Republican forces’ campaign to retake Bilbao from the Falangists was not only badly disorganized, but lacked adequate air support to boot. Much of the fighter strength the Republican side needed to make the offensive work had been destroyed by Falangist air attacks...

From the afternoon edition of the November 29th, 1936 Boston Globe:

SPANISH REPUBLICAN ATTEMPTS TO RETAKE BILBAO MEET HEAVY RESISTANCE

From the morning edition of the December 1st, 1936 New Orleans Times-
Picayune:

REPUBLICAN AND FALANGIST WARSHIPS EXCHANGE FIRE OFF MAJORCA

SPANISH GOVERNMENT FRONT NEAR BILBAO IN DANGER OF COLLAPSE

From a BBC Radio news bulletin broadcast December 3rd, 1936:

A Swiss newspaper is reporting at this hour that the Spanish Republican front near Bilbao has broken....

From the December 4th, 1936 Daily Mail:

FALANGISTS CLAIM VICTORY IN LATEST CLASH WITH SPANISH REGULARS AT BILBAO

From the morning edition of the December 7th, 1936 New York Times:

BRIITSH, NAZI TANKS CLASH ON FRANCO-GERMAN BORDER

Experts Suggest It May Be Prelude To Invasion Of Germany

From the book Jackhammer: The Anglo-French Invasion Of Germany And ItsImpact On The Second World War, copyright 2007 U.S. Naval Academy Press:

There were a number of factors complicating the British and French attempts to establish a bridgehead on German soil. Not the least of these complications was weather: European winters are notoriously cold and snowy, and this is especially true where winters in Germany are concerned. There had already been two major snowstorms in Germany and northeastern France by the time the first major clashes between German and Allied armor took place, and a third storm front was barreling down from the North Sea...

From the morning edition of the December 11th, 1936 Chicago Tribune:

ALLIED OFFENSIVE ON GERMAN BORDER HALTED

Bad Weather Cited As Primary Cause

From the afternoon edition of the December 12th, 1936 New York Post:

UPRISING IN WARSAW

Nazis Vow To Smash Polish Revolt “At All Costs”

 

 

 

 

To Be Continued

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